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KMID : 1100920210420030225
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Korean Journal of Family Medicine
2021 Volume.42 No. 3 p.225 ~ p.231
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Association between Time to First Cigarette and Health-Related Quality of Life of Middle-Aged Male Current Smokers: A Nationwide Representative Study in Korea
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Jo Sung-Eun
Hwang Hye-Rim
Kim Yun-Jin
Lee Sang-Yeoup
Lee Jeong-Gyu
Yi Yu-Hyeon
Cho Young-Hye
Tak Young-Jin
Lee Seung-Hun
Park Eun-Ju
Lee Young-In
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Abstract
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Background: Although many studies have demonstrated that the first cigarette in the morning increases the prevalence of smoking-related morbidity, limited studies have examined the impact of time to first cigarette (TTFC) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, we assessed this relationship using nationally-representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-1 (2016).
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 577 current male smokers aged 30?59 years, after excluding those with a certain disease. Participants were divided into four categories according to TTFC (≤5 min, 6?30 min, 31?60 min, >60 min). HRQoL was measured using self-reported EuroQol-5 (EQ-5D). The relationship between TTFC and EQ-5D index was analyzed using a multivariate-adjusted generalized linear model to assess how HRQoL varies according to TTFC. After adjusting for confounders, a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to identify which of the five dimensions of the EQ-5D affected the HRQoL according to TTFC.
Results: The generalized linear analysis indicated that as TTFC decreased (6?30 min, 31?60 min vs. >60 min), the EQ-5D index score decreased significantly (P=0.037). Shorter TTFC (≤5 min vs. >60 min) was associated with higher pain/discomfort (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39?10.48) and anxiety/depression (OR, 7.58; 95% CI, 1.75?32.88).
Conclusion: Higher nicotine dependence was associated with impaired HRQoL. These results may be used to improve smoking cessation treatment outcomes.
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KEYWORD
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Smoking, Quality of Life
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